Transcriptional changes refer to alterations in the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, where the information encoded in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). These changes can occur in response to various factors such as environmental cues, developmental signals, or disease states, leading to differential expression of genes. Transcriptional changes play a critical role in controlling cellular processes, determining cell fate, and influencing the overall function of an organism. Studying transcriptional changes can provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes and disease progression. This research area often involves techniques such as RNA sequencing and gene expression analysis to identify and characterize these changes.